Satellite

Biography

Biography: Masayuki Itoh

Abstract

Measurement of alpha-particles from 222Rn and 210Po in the decay series of 238U on the moon provides informaton on subsurface distribution of uranium, gas emisson on the lunar surface, and hence the crustal structures. Radon alpha-particles were detected by the experiments on board Apollo 15, 16, and Lunar Prospector. They revealed radon emanantion in the Aristarchus region during the observation periods, indirect evidence of time variation of the gas emanation sites, and radon emanation in the last several decades at sites on the edges of mare regions. However, the spatial resolution was limited, and time variation was not directly observed because of the insufficient statistics of the data in both experiments and relatively short observation periods in the case of Apollo. Alpha-Ray Detector (ARD) onboard the Japanese lunar explorer SELENE was designed to observe the alpha-particles with improved statistics. It is an array of 48 SSD chips with anticoincidence to reduce the cosmic-ray background. The effective area is 326 cm2 which is more than an order of magnitude larger than the detectors in the previous missions. This paper introduces the design of the ARD and reports its in-orbit performance and the scientific outcome. Althoug the anticoincidence function did not operated properly in the orbit, the large area of the detector made it possible to map the radon alpha-particle intensity distribution with improved spatial resolution and detect time variation of the radon emanation. Concentration of radon emanation in the last several decades was observed at craters in Aristarchus and Kepler regions.