Day 1 :
Keynote Forum
Leonid Yurganov
Keynote: Variations in seawater mixing and ice concentration as main drivers for changes in methane over the Arctic seas: satellite data
Time : 09:00-09:30
Biography:
Leonid Yurganov has been involved in remote sensing of greenhouse gases since 1969. He took part in validation of the first space-borne MOPITT instrument launched in 2000. Before that, working in USSR, he investigated carbon monoxide and methane near Moscow, in Antarctica and in the Arctic. After 2006 in the USA he published a set of papers on CO emission from forest fires in the Northern Hemisphere. During last 6 years his point of study is Arctic methane.
Abstract:
Spectrometers using the outgoing long-wave IR (thermal) radiation of the Earth in sun-synchronous polar orbits provide a wealth of information about Arctic methane (CH4) year-round, day and night. Their polar night data are unique. The report analyzes concentrations of methane obtained by the AIRS and IASI spectrometers in conjunction with microwave satellite measurements of sea ice concentration and ECCO model for the seawater mixed layer depth. The data were filtered out for cases of sufficiently high temperature contrast in the lower atmosphere. The focus is on the Barents and Kara Sea during autumn-early winter season between 2003 and January 2020. These seas underwent dramatic decline in the ice cover during last 17 years. This shelf zone is characterized by huge reserves of oil and natural gas (~ 90% methane), as well as presence of sub-seabed permafrost and methane hydrates. Seasonal cycle of atmospheric extra-methane (surplus over Atlantic) has a minimum in early summer and a maximum in early winter in accordance with changes in the depth of mixed layer. During last 17 years both summer and winter concentrations were increasing, but with different rates. In winter the Kara Sea methane was growing faster than that over Atlantic. The seasonal cycle amplitude tripled from 2003 to 2019. In the same time the fraction of ice-free sea surface quadrupled. If the current Arctic sea cover would decline further and open water area would grow then further increase of methane concentration over the ocean may be foreseen.
- Satellite and its applications
Location: Online
Session Introduction
Donatella Termini
Full Professor, University of Palermo, Italy
Title: Morphological river changes by using satellite images
Biography:
Donatella Termini, Ph.D., Full professor of Hydraulics at Department of Engineering, University of Palermo (Italy). Leader or collaborator of national or EU research projects and Guest Editor of International Journals. In 2007 she had “Karl Emil Hilgard Hydraulic Prize”. Present research efforts include the investigation in fluvial hydraulics and eco-hydraulics (flow resistance, effect of vegetation, sediment transport, effects of bed roughness), prediction of river morphological evolution (meandering and braiding) both through experimental investigations and by the development of numerical simulation codes. More than 180 papers published in proceedings of national and international congresses and in international scientific journals.
Abstract:
The processes controlling the fluvial morphodynamics have been the focus of research seeking to evaluate river’s dynamics. The knowledge of the river’s pattern changes is fundamental in designing adequate restoration projects and in preserving the ecological equilibrium in fluvial environment and neighboring areas. Some researchers [among others 1, 2] exalted the role of vegetation on river’s dynamics, others [see as an example 3] suggest to consider the flood effects as fundamental to understand the controlling processes on fluvial morphology. The difficulty in investigating the controlling mechanisms of river’s dynamism is related to the difficulty in stream monitoring: many river floodplains are inaccessible and often densely vegetated [4, 5, 6]. Over the last two decades the use of technologies such as near-infrared Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LIDAR (EAARL) has improved our ability to map of sub-aerial topography and fluvial environments. But, these technologies has shown uncertainties in rivers because of the reflection in the air-water interface. Image-based techniques (LSPIV) have been increasingly used for surface velocity measurements in field. These techniques are non-intrusive and allow obtaining simultaneous spatial information about the instantaneous velocity components also in unsteady flows [7]. Thus, it is possible to yield a large amount of data in a rather short measuring time and to calculate simultaneously the average values for identical spatial windows over many images. In the present study the river’s pattern changes are identified to detect information from satellite images easily available from Google Earth. The adopted methodology has allowed us to obtain indications on the combined effects of the vegetation dynamics and of the different size of flood events in a selected reach of the Tagliamento River (Italy).
Donatella Termini
Full Professor, University of Palermo, Italy
Title: Morphological river changes by using satellite images
Biography:
Donatella Termini, Ph.D., Full professor of Hydraulics at Department of Engineering, University of Palermo (Italy). Leader or collaborator of national or EU research projects and Guest Editor of International Journals. In 2007 she had “Karl Emil Hilgard Hydraulic Prize”. Present research efforts include the investigation in fluvial hydraulics and eco-hydraulics (flow resistance, effect of vegetation, sediment transport, effects of bed roughness), prediction of river morphological evolution (meandering and braiding) both through experimental investigations and by the development of numerical simulation codes. More than 180 papers published in proceedings of national and international congresses and in international scientific journals.
Abstract:
The processes controlling the fluvial morphodynamics have been the focus of research seeking to evaluate river’s dynamics. The knowledge of the river’s pattern changes is fundamental in designing adequate restoration projects and in preserving the ecological equilibrium in fluvial environment and neighboring areas. Some researchers [among others 1, 2] exalted the role of vegetation on river’s dynamics, others [see as an example 3] suggest to consider the flood effects as fundamental to understand the controlling processes on fluvial morphology. The difficulty in investigating the controlling mechanisms of river’s dynamism is related to the difficulty in stream monitoring: many river floodplains are inaccessible and often densely vegetated [4, 5, 6]. Over the last two decades the use of technologies such as near-infrared Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) and Experimental Advanced Airborne Research LIDAR (EAARL) has improved our ability to map of sub-aerial topography and fluvial environments. But, these technologies has shown uncertainties in rivers because of the reflection in the air-water interface. Image-based techniques (LSPIV) have been increasingly used for surface velocity measurements in field. These techniques are non-intrusive and allow obtaining simultaneous spatial information about the instantaneous velocity components also in unsteady flows [7]. Thus, it is possible to yield a large amount of data in a rather short measuring time and to calculate simultaneously the average values for identical spatial windows over many images. In the present study the river’s pattern changes are identified to detect information from satellite images easily available from Google Earth. The adopted methodology has allowed us to obtain indications on the combined effects of the vegetation dynamics and of the different size of flood events in a selected reach of the Tagliamento River (Italy).
Victor S Seleznev
Director of Seismological Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Russia
Title: Approaches of determination of the meteoroid characteristics according to seismic data
Biography:
Victor Sergeevich Seleznev–Deputy Director of Geophysical Survey of RAS and Director of Seismological Branch of Geophysical Survey of RAS, Russia, city of Novosibirsk. His areas of expertise involve local and engineering seismology, geophysical methods of research of the Earth deep structure. He develops methods of seismic monitoring of the state of large buildings and equipment.
Abstract:
Determining such characteristics as the trajectories, times, and energies of explosions of meteor bodies that have collapsed in the Earth’s atmosphere is a very difficult problem for meteor astronomy. In the modern world, cases of fixing falls and explosions of meteoroids on video recording devices are very common. The decoding of the videos gives only approximate characteristics of the meteoroids, due to the fact that most of the devices in whose frame the ones accidentally fell are not designed for high-precision video recording. The study showed that, interpreting the records of seismic waves generated by the explosion of a meteoroid in the atmosphere and recorded by seismic stations on the Earth's surface, it is possible to determine the required parameters with high accuracy. The approaches to determining the parameters of two events — the falls and explosions of meteoroids in the region of the city of Chelyabinsk and the city of Sayanogorsk (Russia) on February 15, 2013 and December 6, 2016, are considered in detail.
Maria José Pinto
Researcher at Institute of Advanced Studies, Brazil
Title: The data acquisition and download satellite scheduling problem
Biography:
Maria José Pinto is a researcher at Institute of Advanced Studies (IEAv) since 2002. The IEAv is an organization of the Department of Aerospace Science and Technology (DCTA). Her post-doc was developed in partnership with TNO and TU Delft in The Netherlands. She has a PhD degree in Applied Computing (Operational Research) at National Institute for Space Research (INPE), a Master of Science degree in Computer Science and Computational Mathematic (Optimization) at University of São Paulo (USP) and an undergraduate education in Mathematic at Federal University of Viçosa (UFV). Her main research areas are Operations Research and Decision Support Systems.
Abstract:
This work addresses the scheduling problem of gathering and download data for a constellation of satellites and associated ground stations. This problem is related with an effectiveness evaluation for collecting imagery to monitor different locations (targets) with different priorities for a given planning horizon, with several operational constraints. In previous work the proposed mathematical model focused on ensuring that target observations would take place within the available observation time-windows, enforcing precedence constraints between acquisition and download of data as well as the satellites processing time capacities. It also explicitly modeled the revisit time (the time between successive observations of the same target) and the due time (the latest possible moment that the collected imagery is available at the ground station). Improvements to the previous modeling were proposed afterward by incorporating the setup time between two consecutive acquisitions which is required to adjust the sensor to capture the target imagery requests with a certain acquisition mode. Also the current model can cope with satellite storage capacity. In this paper, the practicability of the methodology will be demonstrated in different monitoring contexts such as deforestation, oil spill and border control as well as for updating information on search and rescue scenario. As a result it is expected to increase the situation awareness and enable early detection of disasters and/or mitigation actions.
Solomon Dargie Chekole
Lecturer and Researcher at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Title: An Evaluation Framework for Urban Cadastral System Policy in Ethiopia
Biography:
Solomon Dargie is a lecturer and researcher in the areas of Land Administration, Land Surveying and Cadastral Systems at the Institute of Land Administration, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. He has graduated his BSc degree in Land administration Bahir Dar University in 2010. He received his MSc degree in Geodesy and Geo-informatics in 2013 from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Sweden. While teaching and researching for four years, he has worked as chair of Geodesy and Geo-informatics and head of land administration department. Currently, he is PhD candidate in Land Policy and Governance, and visiting PhD Scholar at TUM, Germany.
Abstract:
Land is the most vital resource on earth from which people derive their basic needs. In order to administer and manage this vital resource in a sustainable way, there are several mechanisms, of which the cadastral system is the prime one. Literature documents that the performance measurement methods of cadastral systems are not appropriate. In most developing countries, systematic performance evaluation mechanisms for cadastral systems are very inadequate. For example, Ethiopia has no systematic evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the state of cadastral systems. This article aims to develop an evaluation framework to measure and evaluate the performance of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia based on the methods that have proven successful in developed countries. The goal is furthermore to present a set of good practices and a set of indicators that can provide an objective basis to support a systematic evaluation of urban cadastral systems in Ethiopia. The study employs a desk review research strategy and a qualitative analytical approach. The study has contributed an evaluation framework to evaluate urban cadastral system policy of Ethiopia, which is not currently available.